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Comparison of the effi cacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer patients Jiang Zheng, Wen Kailin, Zha Huangqi, Guo Zhengjun, Wu Wenjing Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (1): 21-.   Abstract （82）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the application eff ects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in the treatment of primary liver cancer patients. Method 80 patients with primary liver cancer admitted to Guangzhou General Hospital of China Life Insurance from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with 40 patients in each group, using a random number table method. The control group was treated with HAIC, while the observation group was treated with TACE. Compare the clinical treatment effi cacy, tumor markers, liver function indicators, and safety between two groups. Result The total eff ective rate of the observation group was 95.00% (38/40), which was higher than that of the control group [80.00%(32/40)], and the diff erence was signifi cant(P ＜ 0.05). Before treatment, there was no signifi cant diff erence in the levels of tumor markers and liver function indicators between the two groups of patients(P ＞ 0.05); After treatment, the serum carcinoembryonic antigen of the observation group patients was (8.17±1.23)μg/L, carbohydrate antigen 125 was (23.45±3.52)U/ml, aspartate aminotransferase was (51.66±5.24)U/L, alanine aminotransferase was (69.36±7.22)U/L, and total bilirubin was (15.79±2.67)μmol/L, which were significantly lower than those of the control group [(9.65±1.14)μg/L, (28.97±3.29)U/ml, (62.70±6.35)U/L, (78.95±9.13)U/L, (19.45±3.06)μmol/L, respectively], and the diff erences were signifi cant (P ＜ 0.05). There was no signifi cant diff erence in the incidence of complications between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Compared with HAIC, TACE treatment for primary liver cancer can achieve better effi cacy, reduce tumor markers, improve liver function, and has high safety. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study on the effi cacy of minimally invasive rotational mastectomy and traditional surgical treatment for multiple breast masses Luo Jing Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (3): 28-.   Abstract （80）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the efficacy of minimally invasive rotational mastectomy and traditional surgical treatment in patients with multiple breast masses. Method 300 female patients with multiple breast masses admitted to Mengzi People’s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 150 patients each according to diff erent surgical methods. The control group underwent traditional surgical treatment, while the observation group underwent minimally invasive rotational mastectomy. The perioperative indicators, pain levels, breast appearance improvement rate, and treatment efficacy of the patients were observed. Result The observation group had shorter surgical time, incision healing time, and hospitalizationtime compared to the control group. The intraoperative blood loss was less than that of the control group, and the incision length was shorter than that of the control group, with signifi cant diff erences (P ＜ 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups of patients. After treatment, the VAS scores of the observation group were signifi cantly lower than those of the control group, and the diff erence was signifi cant (P ＜ 0.05). The observation group had a higher incidence of excellent breast appearance compared to the control group, and the clinical effi cacy was signifi cantly better (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive rotational resection surgery for multiple breast masses has significant therapeutic effects, effectively removing lesions and being superior to traditional treatment methods. It can eff ectively reduce the trauma caused by surgery to the body, shorten the recovery period, and ensure the beauty of the patient’s breast, promoting early recovery of health. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients undergoing emergency surgery for upper gastrointestinal perforation Ruan Haigang, Wang Chengxing Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (1): 11-.   Abstract （77）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the risk factors for pulmonary infection following emergency surgery for upper gastrointestinal perforation. Method A total of 350 patients diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal per-foration who underwent emergency surgery at our hospital were analyzed. Based on the presence of postoperative pulmonary infection, the patients were divided into an infection group and a non-infection group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for pulmonary infection. Result Univariate analysis revealed that the infection group had a higher proportion of patients with a history of smoking (P ＜ 0.001), hypertension (P=0.008), preoperative gastric tube placement (P ＜ 0.001), shock (P ＜ 0.001), dia-betes (P ＜ 0.001) , and reason for perforation (P=0.004)compared to the non-infection group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a history of smoking and hypertension are independent risk factors for pulmonary infection following surgery for upper gastrointestinal perforation (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion A history of smoking and hypertension are signifi cant risk factors for the occurrence of pulmonary infection after emergency surgery for up-per gastrointestinal perforation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in targeted treatment of colorectal cancer Zeng Guowei Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (2): 47-.   Abstract （74）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the application effect of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in targeted therapy for colorectal cancer. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 68 patients with colorectal cancer admitted to Guangzhou Baiyunshan Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023. They were divided into a control group (chemotherapy, 33 cases) and a study group (bevacizumab+chemotherapy, 35 cases) based on diff erent treatment plans. The therapeutic effi cacy, tumor marker levels, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of patients. Result The disease control rate of the study group patients was 94.29%, higher than that of the control group (72.73%), with a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05). Before treatment, there was no signifi cant diff erence in the levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, CA 72-4, and carcinoembryonic antigen between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05); After treatment, the average levels of CA 19-9, CA 72-4, and carcinoembryonic antigen in the study group were signifi cantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). There was no signifi cant diff erence in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy can signifi cantly improve the disease control rate of colorectal cancer patients, reduce the level of tumor markers in the body, and there is no increase in the risk of adverse reactions. Related Articles | Metrics

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The value of ultrasound guided minimally invasive breast biopsy in excision breast cancer Wu Hanrong, Liu Sanying Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (1): 42-.   Abstract （71）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound guided minimally invasive rotary mastectomy in screening breast cancer. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 238 patients who underwent breast rotational resection surgery at Changyang County Maternal and Child Health Hospital from October 2021 to June 2023. Summarize the proportion of patients undergoing ultrasound-guided minimally invasive rotational mastectomy. Result Among the 238 patients who underwent breast rotational resection surgery, 225 (94.54%) were diagnosed with benign lesions, including 146 cases (61.34%) of breast adenosis with adenoma formation (including breast adenosis), 68 cases (28.57%) of adenofi broma, 5 cases (2.10%) of intraductal papilloma, and 6 cases (2.52%) of other benign lesions (active epithelial hyperplasia, with or without atypical hyperplasia); Nine cases (3.78%) were diagnosed with malignant lesions, including one case (0.42%) of ductal carcinoma in situ and eight cases (3.36%) of invasive ductal carcinoma; Two cases (0.84%) of borderline lobular tumors; 2 cases (0.84%) of precancerous lesions (atypical hyperplasia of ductal epithelium). 152 cases of BI-RADS type 3 nodules, 3 of which were diagnosed as breast cancer, with a malignant rate of 1.97%; There were 72 cases of BI-RADS 4a nodules, 6 of which were breast cancer, with a malignant rate of 8.33%; There were 14 cases of BI-RADS type 2 nodules, and no case of breast cancer was found. Conclusion Ultrasound guided minimally invasive rotary mastectomy has significant advantages as a biopsy method in the diagnosis of benign breast lesions and breast cancer due to its precise positioning, minimally invasive and safety, especially for those patients with BI-RADS classifi cation of grade 3 and 4a and high risk factors of breast cancer, especially those who are not suitable for regular observation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the clinical eff ect of laparoscopic and open surgery in the treatment of non-traumatic gastric and small intestinal perforation Wang Yang, Lu Xian Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (1): 7-.   Abstract （71）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe and compare the clinical effi cacy of open surgery with laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of non-traumatic perforation of stomach and small intestine. Method The clinical data of patients with upper digestive tract perforation admitted to Kunshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affi liate to Nan-jing University of Chinese Medicine from February 2016 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 53 cases underwent laparoscopic surgery and 46 cases underwent open surgery. The perioperative indicators of the two groups, such as gender, age, body mass index, operation time, anal exhaust time, length of stay, postop-erative infl ammation, nutritional status and surgery complications were compared and analyzed. Result There was no signifi cant diff erence in preoperative basic data such as age and gender between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Compared with the open group, the operation time of the laparoscopic group was shorter [(55.5±21.6) min vs. (76.1±47.2)min, P ＜ 0.005]. postoperative anal exhaust time was early [(3.4±1.2)d vs. (5.4±1.0)d, P ＜ 0.001], abdominal drainage tube placement time was short [(5.8±1.2)d vs. (7.9±1.7)d, P ＜ 0.001]. the hospital stay was shorter [(9.9±2.3)d vs. (13.4±4.8)d, P ＜ 0.001], and the total cost was lower [(1.58±0.50)ten thousand yuan vs. (2.54±1.58)ten thousand yuan, P ＜ 0.001]. In addition, the laparoscopic group had better infl ammation and nutritional indexes three days after surgery(P ＜ 0.05), and there was no signifi cant diff erence in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Under the condition of the indications of laparoscopic surgery, laparoscopic surgery has signifi cant clinical eff ect, less surgical trauma, and faster postop-erative recovery, which is worthy of clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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The eff ects of single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, triple port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and open cholecystectomy on stress response levels and gastrointestinal function in patients with cholecystitis and gallstones Wan Hong Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (1): 2-.   Abstract （70）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze and compare the eff ects of single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, triple port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and open cholecystectomy in patients with cholecystitis and gallstones. Method A total of 93 patients with cholecystitis and gallstones who were treated in Yixing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected and included in the study. They were divided into three groups according to diff erent surgical forms, corresponding to open surgery group (31 cas-es), three port laparoscopic group (31 cases), and single port laparoscopic group (31 cases), and each group was treated with open cholecystectomy, three port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and single port laparoscopic cholecys-tectomy. The perioperative indicators, stress response indicators, gastrointestinal function, and aesthetic degree were compared among the three groups. Result The surgical time and incision length of the three port endoscopy groupand the single port endoscopy group were lower than those of the open surgery group, and the intraoperative blood loss was lower than that of the open surgery group, with signifi cant diff erences (P ＜ 0.05); The levels of C-reactive protein, cortisol, and norepinephrine in the three port endoscopic group and the single port endoscopic group were all higher than those in the open surgery group, and the single port endoscopic group had signifi cantly higher levels of these three indicators than the three port endoscopic group (P ＜ 0.05); The gastric emptying rate, number of gastric antral contractions, and number of gastric body peristalsis in the three port endoscopic group and the single port endoscopic group were all higher than those in the open surgery group, and the above three indicators were all higher in the single port endoscopic group than in the three port endoscopic group (P ＜ 0.05); The postoperative aesthetic degree of the single hole endoscopic group was better than that of the three hole endoscopic group and the open surgery group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Although small incision cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecys-tectomy have similar therapeutic eff ects, both can eff ectively treat cholecystitis with gallstones. However, compared to small incision cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy brings less trauma and better postoperative re-covery. Among them, the advantage of the single hole endoscopic group is more obvious, and not only does it have better postoperative recovery, but it also has higher aesthetic appeal. Related Articles | Metrics

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The diagnostic value of combined detection of serum tumor markers alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and  carbohydrate antigen 125 for hepatocellular carcinoma Liu Zhaojing Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (2): 50-.   Abstract （69）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the value of combined detection of serum tumor markers alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Method 56 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma admitted to Suqian Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from January 2023 to November 2024 were selected as the liver cancer group, 56 patients with benign liver disease (chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis) were selected as the benign liver disease group, and 56 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. Detect the levels of serum tumor markers AFP, CEA, and CA125 in three groups, and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of single and combined detection of AFP, CEA, and CA125. Result The levels of AFP, CEA, and CA125 in the liver cancer group were higher than those in the benign liver disease group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05); The working characteristic curve of the subjects showed that the area under the curve for the combined detection of AFP, CEA, and CA125 was 0.967, with a sensitivity of 91.07% and a specificity of 93.75%, all higher than the detection of AFP, CEA, and CA125 alone. Conclusion The combined detection of AFP, CEA, and CA125 can significantly improve the diagnostic efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Compared with single biomarker detection, the combined detection has higher sensitivity and specificity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of therapeutic strategies and prognostic factors in patients with bone metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma Chen Guangyao, Zhu Changyan, Yao Cankai, Duan Jinxin, Fu Zhiqiang Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (3): 2-.   Abstract （60）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the relationship between therapy and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma bone metastasis(HCC-BM) patients, and analyze the factors aff ecting the survival of HCC-BM patients. Method The clinical data of HCC-BM patients admitted to Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2019 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the median survival time and draw the survival curve. Log-Rank test was used for comparison between groups with or without primary tumor treatment, with or without bone metastasis treatment, and various treatment regimens for primary tumor. Factors that may affect the survival of patients such as gender, age, alpha-fetoprotein were included in the Cox regression model for univariate regression analysis, and signifi cant variables were included in the multivariate Cox regression model to identify the independent risk factors aff ecting the survival of HCC-BM patients. Result A total of 81 HCC-BM patients were enrolled, the median interval of HCC-BM patients was 10.5 months, the median survival time was 7.3 months, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 37.0%, 17.3%, and 6.2%, respectively. Log-Rank test showed that there were statistically signifi cant diff erences in survival time between HCC-BM patients with or without primary tumor treatment, monotherapy or combination therapy and HCC-BM patients without primary tumor treatment, and bone metastasis treatment or not (all P ＜ 0.05). Univariate regression analysis showed that alpha-fetoprotein and alkaline phosphatase levels, vascular invasion, Child-Pugh score, number of bone metastases, systemic multiple bone metastases, treatment of the primary tumor, treatment of bone metastases, and targeted combined immunotherapy were associated with the prognosis of HCC-BM patients (all P ＜ 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that alpha-fetoprotein ≥ 400μg/L, systemic multiple bone metastases, no primary tumor treatment, and no targeted combined immunotherapy were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of HCC-BM patients (all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The morbidity of HCC-BM is high, and the interval and survival time of HCC-BM are short. Treatment of bone metastases can prolong the survival of HCC- BM patients. Combined therapy targeting the primary lesion significantly improves survival outcomes in HCC- BM patients, which is expected to become a better choice for HCC-BM treatment. Alpha-fetoprotein ≥ 400μg/L, systemic multiple bone metastases, no primary tumor treatment, and no targeted therapy combined immunotherapy are independent risk factors for poor prognosis of HCC-BM patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application eff ect of fi ve tiered nutritional intervention in perioperative chemotherapy for gastrointestinal tumor patients Liang Quanjiang Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (2): 38-.   Abstract （59）            Knowledge map    Save Objective Exploring the effect of using five-tiered nutritional intervention in perioperative chemotherapy patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Method 88 patients with perioperative chemotherapy gastrointestinal tumors admitted to the Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from February 2021 to February 2024 were selected. They were randomly divided into a reference group and a study group, with 44 cases in each group, using a random number table method. The reference group patients received routine dietary intervention, while the study group implemented fi ve-tiered nutritional intervention. The nutritional status, immune function indicators, tumor marker levels, improvement in nutritional levels, and bone marrow suppression results of the two groups of patients were observed before and after intervention. Result Before intervention, there was no signifi cant diff erence in nutritional related biochemical indicators, immune function indicators, tumor marker levels, and nutritional levels between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05). After intervention, the nutritional related biochemical indicators, immune function indicators, tumor marker levels, and nutritional levels of the two groups of patients were signifi cantly improved (P ＜ 0.05). In addition, the levels of albumin, hemoglobin, transferrin, and prealbumin, CD3+, CD4+ T lymphocytes, IgM, IgA, and IgG in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the PG-SGA score, CEA, and CA19-9 levels were lower than those in the control group, with signifi cant diff erences (P ＜ 0.05). After intervention, there was no signifi cant diff erence in the incidence of platelet and hemoglobin inhibition between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05), but the incidence of white blood cell and granulocyte inhibition in the study group was lower than that in the control group, with a signifi cant diff erence (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Gastrointestinal tumor chemotherapy patients can be intervened with a fi ve-tiered nutritional guidance program during the perioperative period, which not only improves the patient’s nutritional level, but also improves their immune function, reduces the level of tumor markers, enhances anti-tumor ability, reduces bone marrow suppression, and alleviates chemotherapy adverse reactions during the perioperative period. It has a good nutritional intervention eff ect. Related Articles | Metrics

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An appraisal of pancreatic cancer prognosis, immune infi ltration based on cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNA model and forecasting of traditional Chinese medicine Sun Guodong, Jiang Jingyi, Zhao Lei, Pu Weigao, Hu Jike, He Lijuan, Yun Zhangjun, Cheng Huijuan, Chen Hao, Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (2): 2-.   Abstract （57）            Knowledge map    Save Objective A prognostic model for pancreatic cancer(PC) based on cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNA (CRL) was constructed to predict the traditional Chinese medicine that regulates cuproptosis- related gene(CRG). Method A risk model for forecasting PC prognosis was constructed by utilizing Cox regression and Pearson correlation analysis, utilizing clinical data and RNA-seqs of 183 PC patients sourced from theTCGA. Screening CRL through LASSO regression, and the nomogram was formed by uniting the risk score and clinical features. To test the model's accuracy, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) and C-index were employed. An assessment was made of the correlation between risk scores and immunoinfi ltration and chemotherapy/targeted agents. The potential Chinese medicines for controlling CRG were predicted through the utilization of Coremine Medical database. Result The PC risk model was developed based on the risk scores of six CRLs (MIR1915HG, PRECSIT, AC004982.1, AC023043.4, AC010999.2, FOXCUT).The AUC for forecasting 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates in PC patients was 0.782, 0.786 and 0.912 respectively, as revealed by the risk model, surpassing age, grade and TNM stage. A relationship was found between the risk score and the enrichment of tumor-infi ltrating lymphocytes, the presence of regulatory T cells, and the sensitivity of fourteen chemotherapeutic/targeted drugs. There are ninety-eight Chinese medicines that potentially regulate CRG; their eff ects primarily involve heat clearing and detoxifying properties attributed mainly to liver spleen and lung meridians. Traditional Chinese medicine Tenacissoside may have potential regulatory effects on key gene FDX1 involved in copper death mechanism. Conclusion A risk signature constructed based on six CRLs could assess the prognosis and immunity of PC, and Tenacissoside may have important regulatory effi cacy on the mechanism of coppercuproptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation of remifentanil tosylate used for anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Zhang Miaomiao Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (1): 50-.   Abstract （57）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the anesthetic eff ect of remifentanil tosylate on elderly patients under- going endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Method Eighty elderly patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography admitted to Shuyang Mercy Hospital in Suqian City from January 2021 to June 2024 were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table. The control group (n=40) received combined anesthesia with propofol and sufentanil, while the observation group (n=40) received combined anesthe-sia with remifentanil and sufentanil. Compare surgical related indicators, hemodynamic parameters at diff erent time points, levels of infl ammatory factors before and after surgery, pain scores, quality of life scores, and incidence of adverse events between two groups of patients. Result There was no signifi cant diff erence in surgical time, intra-operative blood loss, and complete stone clearance rate between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05), but the observation group had fewer body movements during surgery and shorter postoperative recovery time than the control group, with signifi cant diff erences (P ＜ 0.001). There was no signifi cant diff erence (P ＞ 0.05) in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and blood oxygen saturation between the two groups of patients before anesthesia and when awake after surgery. At the time of insertion and 10 minutes after insertion, the heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and blood oxygen saturation of the observation group were signifi cantly higher than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Before surgery, there was no signifi cant diff erence in the levels of infl ammatory factors, pain scores, and quality of life scores between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05). After surgery, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the pain score was lower than that in the control group, and the quality of life score was higher than that in the control group, with signifi cant diff er-ences (P ＜ 0.001). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was signifi cantly lower than that in the control group (5.00% vs. 25.00%; χ2=6.275, P=0.012). Conclusion The use of remifentanil tosylate anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography can improve anesthesia eff ective-ness, reduce postoperative pain, improve quality of life, and increase safety. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application eff ect of cluster nursing in preventing hypoglycemia in patients after high-frequency electrocautery of gastrointestinal polyps under endoscopy Chen Xin, Zhang Jie Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (1): 85-.   Abstract （57）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the application eff ect of bundle nursing in preventing hypoglycemia in pa-tients undergoing high-frequency electrocautery of gastrointestinal polyps under endoscopy. Method A total of 178 patients who underwent endoscopic high-frequency resection of gastrointestinal polyps at Tongji Hospital affi liated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from May 2023 to October 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 89 patients in each group. The incidence of postoperative hypoglycemia and nursing satisfaction were analyzed in both groups using a random number table method. Result The incidence of postoperative hypoglycemia in the observation group was 3.4%, signifi cantly lower than the 23.6% incidence in the control group. The nursing satisfaction rate was 93.2%, higher than the 76.4% satisfaction rate in the control group, and the diff erences were signifi cant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Cluster nursing can reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia after high-frequency resection of gastrointestinal polyps under endoscopy and improve patients’ nursing satisfaction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on continuous care after modifi ed radical mastectomy for breast cancer Ciren Yangjin, Pu Yue, Yang Lijun, Li Bowen, Wang Jie, Zhang Wenzhuo Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (2): 30-.   Abstract （56）            Knowledge map    Save Breast cancer has become one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and its incidence is increasing year by year and getting younger. Modified radical mastectomy is a common surgical method for breast cancer. The continuous care can improve the quality of life and nursing satisfaction of patients after modifi ed radical mastectomy, and reduce the cost of medical services and the recurrence rate of breast cancer. This paper reviews the concept of the continuous care, and the stage, content and method of the continuous care in breast cancer patients with modifi ed radical surgery, so as to provide the theoretical basis for future study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effi cacy analysis of diff erent closure methods of residual appendix in laparoscopic appendectomy Zhang Shengyuan Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (3): 41-.   Abstract （56）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze analyze the clinical eff ects of diff erent closure methods for appendiceal stump during laparoscopic appendectomy. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 280 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy at the Second People's Hospital of Xining City from January 2023 to January 2024. The appendiceal stump was divided into two groups based on diff erent treatment methods: the observation group was treated with Hem-o-lok clamp, and the control group was treated with purse string embedding, with 140 patients in each group. Observe the recovery level, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications of two groups of patients. Result The surgical time, hospitalization time, and anal exhaust time of the observation group patients were shorter than those of the control group, but the hospitalization costs were higher than those of the control group, and the diff erences were signifi cant (P ＜ 0.05). There was no signifi cant diff erence in the total incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion The use of Hem-o-lok clamping technology can better treat residual appendicitis and improve the recovery speed of patients. Due to its low complication rate, it has advantages over using purse string embedding technology, but the cost may be more expensive. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study on the eff ects of endovenous laser ablation and subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery in the treatment of lower limb varicose veins with pathological portal vein dysfunction Yu Jiaxiang, Jiang Junyi Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (3): 36-.   Abstract （55）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe the clinical effi cacy of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and endoscopic submucosal perforator surgery (SEPS) in the treatment of lower limb varicose veins with pathological perforating venous insuffi ciency. Method 83 patients with lower limb varicose veins accompanied by pathological perforating venous insuffi ciency treated in Dunhua City Hospital from April 2021 to March 2024 were selected and divided into EVLA group (n=42) and SEPS group (n=41) according to diff erent treatment methods. Compare the surgical related indicators, pain level, stress response, and quality of life between two groups of patients. Result The surgical time, incision length, hospitalization time, and postoperative bed rest time of patients in the EVLA group were shorter than those in the SEPS group, and the intraoperative blood loss was less than that in the SEPS group, with significant differences (P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05). At 3, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively, the NRS scores of patients in the EVLA group were signifi cantly lower than those in the SEPS group (P ＜ 0.05). Before surgery, there was no signifi cant diff erence in cortisol and adrenaline levels between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05). Two days after surgery, the levels of cortisol and adrenaline in both groups of patients increased compared to preoperative levels, and the cortisol and adrenaline levels in the EVLA group were lower than those in the SEPS group, with signifi cant diff erences (P ＜ 0.05). Before surgery, there was no signifi cant diff erence in CIVIQ scores between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05). Three months after surgery, the CIVIQ scores of both groups of patients increased compared to preoperative levels. The CIVIQ score of the EVLA group was higher than that of the SEPS group, and the diff erence was signifi cant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion For patients with lower limb varicose veins accompanied by pathological perforating dysfunction, EVLA and SEPS have similar eff ects in reducing the incidence of complications. However, EVLA can shorten the recovery time of patients, reduce stress reactions and body pain, and improve their quality of life. Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (1): 82-.   Abstract （54）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study on the clinical treatment eff ect of circular areola and radial incision surgery on patients with breast fi broadenoma Ou Zhike, Huang Dongxi, Hou Yugen, Wu Zhanjia Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (3): 23-.   Abstract （53）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the clinical effi cacy of using circular areola and radial incision treatment for benign breast tumors. Method Fifty patients with benign breast tumors admitted to our hospital from September 2019 to January 2024 were divided into two groups using a random number table method, with 25 cases in each group. The research group underwent circumareolar incision surgery, while the control group underwent radial incision surgery. Compare the clinical efficacy, perioperative indicators, breast aesthetics score, sensory nerve function in the areola area, and complications between two groups. Result Compared with the control group, the study group had a higher overall treatment effi cacy, shorter surgical scar length, longer surgical time, more bleeding, higher satisfaction with breast aesthetics, better postoperative recovery of sensory nerve function in the areola area, and lower incidence of complications, with signifi cant diff erences (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Both types of incision surgery can eff ectively treat benign breast tumors. However, patients undergoing circumareolar incision surgery have smaller residual scars on the body surface, resulting in better treatment outcomes. Additionally, postoperative patients have a higher satisfaction with breast aesthetics and will not aff ect the sensory nerve function in the areola area. With fewer complications, it is safe and reliable. Related Articles | Metrics

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The eff ect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the levels of infl ammatory factors, pain scores, and incidence of complications in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis Guo Yingxi Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2024, 12 (4): 2-.   Abstract （52）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the eff ects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the levels of infl ammatory factors, pain scores, and incidence of complications in patients with acute cholecystitis caused by stones. Method Eighty patients with acute calculous cholecystitis who visited Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were randomly divided into a control group (small incision cholecystectomy) and a study group (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) using a random number table, with 40 patients in each group. Compare the levels of infl ammatory factors, pain scores, oxidative stress indicators, and incidence of complications between two groups. Result Before surgery, there was no signifi cant diff erence in the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor - α, as well as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels between the two groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05). After surgery, the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor - α, and serum MDA in the study group were lower than those in the control group, but the level of SOD was higher than that in the control group, and the diff erences were signifi cant (P ＜ 0.05). At 12 hours, 1 day, and 3 days after surgery, the pain scores of patients in the study group were signifi cantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). The total incidence of postoperative complications in the study group (3.33%) was lower than that in the control group (13.33%), and the diff erence was signifi cant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis can inhibit the body's inflammatory response and postoperative pain, reduce surgical stress response, and lower the risk of complications.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research status of immune cell regulation and therapy in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Guo Shiqi, Xing Cheng, Ge Yunpeng, Shi Haowei, Zheng Yangyang, Song Jinghai, Journal of General Surgery for Clinicians    2025, 13 (1): 25-.   Abstract （52）            Knowledge map    Save With the global prevalence of metabolic diseases increasing year by year, metabolism related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease. NAFLD disease spectrum included initial liver steatosis, advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In NASH stage, lipotoxicity and inflammatory damage of hepatocytes greatly increase the risk of end-stage liver disease. So far, there have been more than 1400 clinical trials for the treatment of Nash worldwide, but no specifi c drugs have been approved with no eff ective treatment for NASH related HCC. Even for emerging immunotherapy, NASH related HCC also showed signifi cant resistance to immunotherapy. The changes of immune microenvironment mediated by innate and adaptive immune cell subsets play an important role in the onset and progression of NASH. Thi s review focuses on the mechanism of a variety of immune cells in NASH and the research status of related immunotherapy, in order to provide reference for understanding the immune microenvironment of NASH and exploring new research directions. Related Articles | Metrics