In this paper，introduction is made to the method of studying the microstructures of coals by using modern spectrum technology.Summary is made for the current situations of coal microstructures analysis，coal pyrolysis process and the mircrostructures of its products after the pyrolysis by using XRD，FTIR and Raman spectrum.Analysis is also given to the effect of coal microstructures change to the coal behavior and those during pyrolysis process.The outlook of modern analyzers in application of coal chemical industry is prospected.

"> Coal, Coal pyrolysis process, Microstructures, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectrum