As a large-scale coal-based solid waste,fly ash has received extensive attention for its efficient material utilization.The research progress of using fly ash to prepare high-value materials such as Sialon-based or SiC-based non-oxide composite fine powder,Sialon-based or mullite-based dense ceramics,SiC-based non-oxide porous ceramics,mullite or cordierite oxide porous ceramics,zeolite molecular sieve,glass-ceramics,aluminum-based or silicon-based chemical raw materials is reviewed in this paper,some suggestions for efficient utilization and development of fly ash are put forward.